Practice Area Definitions: Global

Practice Area Definitions: Global


Agribusiness

The Agribusiness research encompasses a broad range of legal, financial and transactional support for agricultural projects, representing a wide spectrum of clients. Firms may represent project developers, investors and financial institutions as well as other stakeholders from the private and public sectors and offer expertise in one or multiple key agribusiness markets. 

The section covers rural real estate due diligence, acquisitions and leasing, sector-specific M&A, environment law, IP and technology relating to agri-tech products and services.

The section also covers international trade matters including pre-export financing, import and export licences and compliance with international trade regulations. Firms may also cover insurance, contracts, tax, employment, regulations and general corporate advice and private client concerns. 

 

Arbitration (International)

Incorporating both general commercial and investment arbitration matters, firms and individuals featured in this section are expected to evidence the handling of a range of international disputes in front of sole arbitrators and arbitration panels in key arbitral centres around the world including London, Paris, Geneva, Singapore, Hong Kong and New York. Key considerations include the ability to advise on sophisticated commercial arbitration governed by ICC (International Chamber of Commerce), ICSID (International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes) and UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) rules.

Another major element the Arbitration (International) rankings is designed to capture is clear expertise in investment arbitration representing corporates, investors, states or state-owned entities under international investment agreements including ISDS (Investor-State Dispute Settlements) and BIT (Bilateral Investment Treaty) cases.

The Most In Demand Arbitrators section ranks those individuals who act as arbitrators on international cases and who are widely recognised as the go-to arbitrators for such cases.


Artificial Intelligence

Our Artificial Intelligence table identifies the leading professional advisers to the global AI market. This category covers those individuals who provide advisory and governance services for the use of AI. These issues include but are not limited to, data privacy, copyright, regulatory compliance, and responsible usage policies. Contentious matters are also included, such as liability disputes and intellectual property infringements.

 

Asset Finance

This section covers firms and lawyers advising on cross-border finance linked to the purchase or construction of a distinct asset or set of assets (typically ships, aircraft or rolling stock).  Clients may include financial institutions, government agencies, airlines, aircraft leasing companies, rolling stock lessors and ship owners, to name a few.

 

Business & Human Rights

The Business & Human Rights section recognises firms and lawyers with expertise in representing clients in matters pertaining to human rights within the context of business operations.

The lawyers and firms covered in this section are experts in a range of human rights-related laws and principles (including, but not limited to, the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the UK Modern Slavery Act, the French Duty of Vigilance laws, the Australian Modern Slavery Act, and the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Law). They will typically advise large, multinational companies on: human rights due diligence-reporting; constructing compliance programs; grievance mechanisms to pay victims; responding to allegations and litigation claims; and conducting human rights impact assessments in high-risk countries.

The section also includes a claimants table that recognises lawyers and law firms who represent claimants on human rights issues.   

 

Charities & Nonprofits

The Charities & Nonprofits section covers law firms and lawyers who advise third sector and nonprofit clients on all manner of cross-border and international contentious and non-contentious matters. This incudes governance, corporate, property, employment, partnership, policy and tax issues.

 

Climate Change

The Climate Change section covers firms and individuals who advise clients on a range of compliance, regulatory, transactional and contentious matters as they relate to climate change. 

This section includes work relating to emissions trading, including assisting companies in adhering to carbon regulations. The section also covers legal issues relating to renewable and low carbon projects, which includes assisting with the development and financial issues attached to these ventures. In addition to this, the section covers advice on the risks and investment opportunities concerning climate change in corporate transactions, key issues of which include energy efficiency, supply chain issues, climate change adaptation and mitigation, due diligence and risk assessment. 

 

Commercial Contracts

This section covers practices that assist clients with agreements relating to the establishment and development of commercial activities between non-public sector entities. It primarily looks at cooperation agreements to conduct commercial activities, including ongoing supply, agency, distribution, or manufacturing agreements relating to trading activities and commercial strategies, as well as joint ventures.

 

Franchising

This section covers law firms and lawyers advising franchisees and franchisors in respect of both cross-border transactional and contentious work, such as setting up franchise agreements and disputes arising from such contracts.  

 

Gaming & Gambling

This section covers licensing and permitting matters as well as wider issues related to traditional and online gambling activities, including casinos. Mergers and acquisitions, privacy, tax, platform development, anti-money laundering, contract negotiation and governance matters are all also considered within this section. 

 

International Trade/WTO

The International Trade/WTO section covers classic trade cases such as anti-dumping, countervailing duties, export control and other customs/tariff classifications and regulatory work. The practice area also includes issues such as WTO and other treaty-based trade and investment disputes, bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, and market access issues.

 

Leading Law Firm Networks

In this section we focus on independent law firm networks. The chief criterion is that the member firms are independent of each other and any controlling entity. For the most part, the network should exist without relying on a central law firm. A strong law firm network positions itself as a cost-effective alternative to an international law firm with many international branches. If effective, the network should help members generate cross-referral work, and that clients benefit from unified solutions when work crosses borders. A network's ranking in this section is contingent on the rankings, and the ranking strength, of its member firms across the various Chambers guides. Aside from an analysis of the data, the research process involves extended interviews with a selected group of network representatives and calls with referees the network provides.

 

Mediators

This section ranks the world’s leading mediators, all of whom are successful resolvers of a wide range of disputes. We only rank individual mediators in this table, not organisations.   

 

Outsourcing

This section covers legal aspects of the transfer of business administration and services to external providers. The section includes every variation of this process, including IT outsourcing, business process outsourcing, and legal process outsourcing. Occasionally unsuccessful outsourcing contracts can result in disputes and this type of work is also covered in the section.

 

Public International Law

Public International Law covers inter-state disputes such as those before the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea and the International Criminal Court. Firms and individuals recognised in this section will have expertise on a wide range of state-to-state disputes, international humanitarian law as well as sovereign immunity, sanctions and boundary rights.

Investment arbitration is now found solely under the Arbitration (International) practice area.

The Most In Demand Arbitrators section ranks those individuals who act as arbitrators on international cases and who are widely recognised as the go-to arbitrators for such cases. 

 

Shipping

The Shipping Litigation section covers contentious work, including breaches of charter-party disputes, cargo and bills of lading claims, the arrest of vessels and cargoes, marine insurance claims, collision, salvage, and environmental liabilities. Typical clients will include P&I clubs, underwriters, terminal operators, ship owners and operators, charterers and banks.  

The Shipping Finance section covers transactional matters such as acquisitions, leasings and financings. Clients can include financial institutions and shipping companies, among others. 

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